Light culture, light culture, imagination

In order to conscientiously implement the spirit of Lichang’s “Integration of Urban Night Lighting Construction into Light Culture”, “China (Tianjin) First Modern Urban Light Culture Forum” was held in 2004, and two years later, “China (Tianjin) Second” was held. Under the new situation, the Modern Urban Light Culture Forum will re-understand the profound meaning of the "light culture" concept, further interpret the "light culture", and explore the profound connotation of "light culture" and expand it.

The extension of Guangguang's Guangbo has far-reaching significance.

The theoretical research and practical application of "light culture" should be the subject of our long-term research and exploration.

On this occasion, the author re-recognizes the "light culture", imagines the "light culture", and interprets the "light culture". If it is not appropriate, please criticize and correct the experts in the industry.

1. Definition of light

Light is an important natural phenomenon. When a beam of light is projected onto an object, reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction occur. The reason why we can see the variegated and rapidly changing scene in the objective world is because the eye can receive the light emitted, reflected or scattered by the object. Light is essentially an electromagnetic wave that covers a relatively wide range of electromagnetic spectrum (from X-rays to far-infrared), but with shorter wavelengths than ordinary radio waves. The visible light visible to the human eye is only part of the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Light has wave-particle duality, that is, it can be regarded as a kind of high-frequency electromagnetic wave (10 ¹² ~ 10 ¹⁵ Hz), or as a particle, that is, light quantum, referred to as photon.

It is well known that light is produced by light sources such as the sun, candles and electric lights. The sun is a natural light source, and the candles and lights are artificial light sources. Since the natural light source available produces only a small fraction of the entire light family, humans have been working hard to develop and utilize a wide variety of artificial light sources. The invention and utilization of any new artificial light source marks a new advancement in human civilization. Born in 1879, American inventor Thomas Edison succeeded in creating the first available incandescent light bulb, creating a new era of human electrical lighting. In 1905, the first successful production of tungsten incandescent bulbs by the Austrian Uster and Hanaman in a backlog was also an important milestone.

2. The meaning of light

Light has a close relationship with human life and social practice. Light is one of the sources of life on earth, the basis of human life, the tool for human beings to understand the outside world, and the ideal carrier or medium for information.

Ever since Prometheus sowed the fire, light has given mankind unlimited hope! In the long history of the river, the sun feeds the earth, and human life is accompanied by light every day. The natural light alternates and controls the human body clock, keeping our life rhythm balanced. Sunlight produces vitamins and many of the so-called unknown nutrients that keep our bodies healthy and healthy. Light stimulates vision, allowing us to see and recognize the surrounding environment and the colorful, colorful world, and get 90% of the outside world information. Bright, warm, active light and invigorating spirit make us psychologically satisfied and happy. When the sun sets and the night falls, people still have a crush on the light brought by daylight. From ancient times, the people of the ancient people took fire, illuminate the caves, the grass sheds, and the high-rise buildings in the modern city. The people never interrupted the search for light in the dark, and walked a long road of "light". . Humans have always pursued the use of artificial light sources to continue their activities, expand the space of their activities, feel their own five-life life, and create the value of their own lives. Light has become an object pursued by mankind. Mankind pursues light, light represents life; light represents hope; light represents advanced; light represents all good yearning.
Therefore, light is a material form and a rich gift from nature to human beings. She satisfies the needs of human existence, life, production and development, and greatly promotes human family life, economic development, technological progress and historical evolution. effect.

Light is a testimony to the development of human history. She coexists with human beings while sharing resources. Through his cultural landscapes of architecture, bridges, villages, factories and mines, urban landscapes, natural scenery, fields, vehicles and roads, she shows her existence and beauty, bringing infinite imagination and spiritual touch to human beings, and creating a “light culture”. .

Light and shadow accompany, inseparable; light and color follow, harmony echoes. Light is a language, the soul of architectural art. Light tells us about the architect's design philosophy and artistic pursuit, and light and architecture and the city symbiosis. It is a design tool and a building material. Architects can use it to create ideals and showcase their talents. Light is another vast world outside the three-dimensional creation of architecture - "Light is the fourth dimension of architecture."

From the first year of the first year (125 years) on the roof of the Roman Pantheon, the simple round hole (8.9 meters in diameter) to the end of the 20th century (1999), the Berlin Capitol was built with grand mirrors and crystal glass (40 meters in diameter); From ancient times to the 19th century, the fainting of the house to the city that never shines today, looking back at the historical process of urban and architectural development, we can clearly see the simultaneous development of light technology and light culture with cities and buildings. Footprints can also see how important technological advances in lighting and lighting have had on urban and architectural features and modern urban life. Light to the city to invigorate the city, ensure the smooth flow of vehicles at night, pedestrian safety, expand the night life and space of the city, enrich the outdoor cultural and recreational activities of urban residents, promote business prosperity, showcase the city's historical and cultural features, and attract tourism.

Form and color show their color through light in the space of psychological suggestion to people. The influence of light color on human visual nerves is crucial to the physiological and psychological effects of human beings. The contrast of hue, lightness and chroma of the color itself can create an atmosphere of the environment, and more changes can be made by the illumination of the light. Colored lights give emotional awareness to the light environment, making some colors louder, but also distorting some colors. The artificial light source with good color rendering can realize the environment like natural light, showing colorful people and things; the light with poor color rendering causes color distortion, and loses the charm and temptation of environmental color.

The color light gives the light environment emotional consciousness, the cold light color and the warm light color have cold and warm hints to the human psychology; likewise, the deep light color and the light light color will also make people have the illusion of far and near and light weight. Red is warm, passionate, positive, joyful, and joyful. It is exciting; blue is quiet, calm, and empty, making people feel quiet and mysterious; green is quiet, fresh, safe, peaceful, young, and makes people feel Fresh and hopeful; white is pure, simple, fresh and bright, which makes people feel refreshed and innocent; yellow is pleasant, healthy, clear, bright and bright, which makes people feel affectionate and warm. These are the characteristics of light and an important subject that must be studied and discussed in "light culture".

There are many other features of light:

Light can shape the image - the image of the object can only be visually perceived by the action of light. Correct design and use of light can enhance the three-dimensional sense of architectural style, enhance artistic effects, and avoid causing the image to be dull or distorted.

Light energy builds space - the difference between light and dark naturally divides different spaces, and her subtle changes in strength and weakness create a layered sense of space.

Light energy highlights the key points - without focus, there is no art and it falls into mediocrity. The enhancement of light and dark contrast can express the artistic image or details, forming a visual center of “eye-catching”. Extremely high contrasts can also produce dramatic artistic effects that are exciting and refreshing. By emphasizing the characteristics of the lighting, enhancing the contrast, and using the silhouette and glow effects, a vivid picture can be produced.

Light energy decoration environment - the pattern of light and shadow weaving, the brilliant radiance produced by the reflective and refracted light of the smooth material, the rhythmic dynamic change of light, the beautiful shape of the lamp, etc. are all precious elements of the decorative environment, and the fascinating artistic focus .

Human beings should seriously understand light, study light, use light, create light culture, and build a society where light and shadow, light and color are harmonious.

1. Definition of culture

There are hundreds of interpretations of the definition of culture. In the book "Culture: A Conceptual Definition of the Book" by the famous American literary experts Krober and Clark Hong, cited by the Encyclopedia Britannica, the definition of culture is defined by the world's famous anthropologists, sociologists, and psychoanalysis. Defined by scientists, philosophers, chemists, biologists, economists, geographers, and political scientists. It can be divided into descriptive definitions, historical definitions, behavioral normative definitions, psychological definitions, and definitions of imperfections. E.g:

Descriptive definition (Taylor 1871) - Culture or civilization is a complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, law, ethics, customs, and any other abilities and habits that people who are members of society acquire through learning. .

The definition of behavioral norms (Wissler 1929) - The lifestyle followed by a society or tribe is called culture, and it includes all standardized social traditional behaviors. Tribal culture is the sum of common beliefs and traditional behaviors followed by the tribe.

The definition of psychology (Smol 1905) - "Culture" refers to the sum of the technical, mechanical, intellectual, and spiritual abilities that people in a particular period use to try to achieve their goals. “Culture” includes the means by which humans use it for personal or social purposes.

Structural definition (Willie 1929) - Culture is a system of habitual patterns that correlate and interdependent in reactive behavior.

The definition of heredity (Huntington 1945) - The culture we refer to refers to the production or creation of human beings, and then to others, especially to the next generation, every item, habit, concept, system, thinking Mode and behavior mode.

Definition of Incompleteness (Sapir 1921) - Culture can be defined as what a society does and thinks about.

Culture is the general term for human creation in the process of social development. It can also be said to be the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the course of historical development, including natural sciences and humanities. Therefore, culture is a sediment of historical development. Culture develops with the development of world history and is regional.

In the recent cultural studies, the distinction between culture has emerged as a new concept of national culture, urban culture, popular culture, elegant culture, elite culture, popular culture, popular culture, industrial culture, business culture, corporate culture, and has rapidly acquired A large number of experts and scholars and theories. In addition, corresponding cultural concepts have emerged in various subject areas, such as political culture, economic culture, corporate culture, administrative culture, management culture, legal culture, tourism culture, tea culture, wine culture, food culture, light culture, etc. Wait.

2. Cultural characteristics

Culture is learned and learned; culture is derived from the biological components, environmental science components, psychological components and historical components that constitute human existence; culture has structure; culture is divided into various aspects; culture is a dynamic development process. . A culture is a reflection of the concept of social and economic development of a nation and a country; culture is variable, and a culture is constantly innovating with the development of history; culture shows regularity, it can use science The method is analyzed; culture is a tool for individuals to adapt to their entire environment and a means of expressing their creativity. Culture is intangible, and to become visible and reproducible, it must be through a tool, a language. Such as the above characteristics, etc., we may wish to conclude that culture has a heavy historical, broad regional, extensive nationality and positive performance.

  The existence of light must have a certain carrier. The sun is emitted from the sun's body. The moonlight is the reflection of sunlight. The lightning is a violent discharge that occurs when the potential difference in the atmosphere increases to a certain extent. They all operate according to the laws of nature, and people can enjoy this gift, but they cannot grasp their existence. Fire has caused mankind to move from barbarism to civilization, and has produced many cultural phenomena, which constitute the most basic connotation of light culture. The so-called connotation of light culture is the use of light as a means to express culture. Each art form has its own unique means of expression. The means of expression of the photographer is light. If there is no light, they will be as good as the sculptor without clay, the painter without paint or the skillful woman without rice. The means of expression of the urban nighttime environment is also light. The concept of integrating the urban light environment into light culture should be demonstrated through the carriers of urban landscapes, bridges, villages, factories and mines, urban landscapes, natural scenery, fields, vehicles and roads. Through the ingenious design of architectural designers and lighting designers and lighting engineers, the use of various light sources and optical materials to create a three-dimensional visual effect of the night scene light environment, formed a "light painting", "light sculpture." Night lighting works are generally attached to large-scale wall façades and architectural features, showing graphic designs with different meanings and different forms of expression. For example, the night view of Victoria Bay in Hong Kong, because of its bright and eye-catching features, forms a visual center for a region. The façade of the opposite tall buildings transforms the beautiful images of different combinations of light, forming the iconic scene of Hong Kong, which constitutes a light environment with artistic characteristics and a modern, modern light culture. The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France uses different perspectives, and the multi-light projection styling technique constitutes a sense of the fusion of the virtual and the real, the light of the lines, the faces and the body, which makes the modern artistic features of the shape show vividly.

Therefore, "light culture" is a clever combination of "light" and "culture". Through lighting, light and shadow, light and color will be used to dress up the regional human landscape and natural landscape, showing the characteristics of its regional characteristics, buildings, bridges and other carriers. The structure, characteristics and personality characteristics show the charm, essence and aura.

Since light culture uses light to express culture, the night landscape design is to extract the genes of regional culture while fully excavating the regional culture. Through the language of light, it can depict and express the regional characteristics and form a unique city night. Landscape imagery.

The concept of "light culture" is the historical product of the development of urban nightscape lighting. Studying "light culture", analyzing "light culture", creating "light culture", and improving the cultural taste of urban night landscape, we must understand the city. Read the city history, geography, nature, style, humanities, and environment. Carding the city's axis, texture, skyline, edge and entrance, vision, road bridge, central scenic spot, featured scenic spot, waterfront interface, night view point, landmark building, open space, nodes, ecological greening, symbolic landscape; interpretation of the city Streets, park greens, buildings (structures), historical monuments, public art, guidance systems, archways, advertising, signs and other elements. Only in this way can we express culture, highlight characteristics, show individuality, and not be uniform, avoiding similarities.

The essential difference between "light culture" and "tea culture", "wine culture" and "food culture" lies in "light". Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the characteristics of light, use the relationship between "light" and "shadow", and grasp the "light" "The scale of the color." Do not over-bright or full-bright, avoiding the abuse of colored light.

"Light" and "shadow" are a harmonious unity of contradictions. "Light" is the creator of "shadow". "Shadow" reflects the existence of "light". Lighting is the medium to express them and create "artistic conception". "s method. In the initial period of landscape lighting, the viewers have a great interest in “light” and neglected “shadow”. With the development and improvement of landscape lighting, people have a new understanding of "shadow", do not illuminate all the carriers, highlight the key parts, use "shadow" to support the existence of "light", performance " The beauty of the optical carrier, the use of light to hide the shackles, obscuring ugliness.

Area lighting carriers such as buildings should be designed according to their architectural style, shape, structure and characteristics, and pay attention to the unity and coordination of the overall light and color. For example, the living and living area should embody the principle of “people-oriented” to create a quiet, elegant and comfortable living environment and artistic conception; the foreign-related pre-function area can create its solemn and spectacular modern urban cultural taste, or reflect its simple and elegant cultural connotation; The cultural and recreational areas should be calm and peaceful. They should explore the cultural heritage of the city and express the regional cultural characteristics. They should create a light environment for leisure and entertainment at night. The commercial area should embody the bustling, warm, hot, and shocking commercial atmosphere. It is the place where colored light is used. .

The construction of urban landscape lighting environment has experienced everything from “nothing” to “having”, from “small” to “big”, from “bright” to “beauty”, from “vulgar” to “elegant”, from “construction practice” to The historical course of "theory research." The research on the concept of "light culture" is the leap of urban landscape lighting, the expansion of extension, the excavation of the underlying, the improvement of the level, the transformation of form, the innovation of meaning, and the sublimation of taste. At the same time, the research on the concept of "light culture" is the crystallization of the development of natural sciences and humanities and social sciences. It is a major attempt of the two-sector alliance in the field of lighting, a new starting point for the combination of theory and scientific practice research, and the promotion of urban landscape lighting. Construction has great impetus and far-reaching historical significance.

The city night lighting creates a “light culture”, which brings vitality to the city, makes the night bright, beautiful, and the beautiful night scene brings us unlimited space for imagination, which makes people linger and bring a poetic mood. At the same time, it also brought business opportunities to the merchants and promoted the economic development of tourism. While building the city's nighttime beauty, we should not neglect the significance of light to human beings. We should not neglect the dialectical dependence of "light, shadow, and color". We must not neglect the danger of light pollution and the waste of energy caused by inadvertent use of light.

With the advancement of science and technology and the development of the times, people have a new understanding of urban landscape lighting, new requirements and expectations.

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